Comment on Philip's Blog

I really enjoyed your post and even though i didn't read it before the test, it would have probably helped me during the test. You pretty much said all the important aspects of the chapter but there was some key terms such as fertilization which you failed to mention. However everything else made crystal clear sense. In addition the diagram on Meiosis really made sense and helped me memorize and comprehend the steps. I had a better understand the differences between Meiosis and Mitosis. I also understand how meiosis can have anaphase 1 and anaphase 2, telophase 1 and 2 etc,even though i could used it for the test. I Also like how you put a great emphasis on Crossing Over, because it is a important part of meiosis. The videos that you posted, even though they were hard to find, i still enjoyed them because it told me a lot about meiosis and mitosis without me reading so much information. Chow, Chow, Chow, Chow!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

comment on philip's blog

Philip, everything you wrote seemed very helpful to me especially the little hints you would give about where on the test certain things would appear. It got me looking at almost everything the same way and if you posted somthing about fertilization and meiosis in plants and fungi and a comparison of mitosis and meiosis i think your blog would have been solid. But, the only regret i had after reading your blog was that i didn't read it sooner because i truly believe it would have helped me on the test. Hopefully your next blog would be just as good if not better.

comment on Philipos Blog

i would like to comment on Philip's blog about how cross over takes places. he was right about how it takes places, but could have gone more in depth about it.

Crossing over takes places in prophase 1 of meiosis 1. Chromosomal crossover is the process by which two homologous chromosomes exchange portions of DNA. Crossover usually occurs when portions of homologous chromosomes brake off and rejoin with other chromosomes. This is the exchange of genes, which is called genetic recombination.

NATE'S POST

POST HERE

NATE'S POST

ROBERT'S POST

I really enjoyed your lab and even though i didn't read it before the test, it would have probably helped me during the test. You pretty much said all the important aspects of the chapter but there was some key terms such as fertilization which you failed to mention. However everything else made crystal clear sense. The diagram was excellent because it explained everything that you said in writing but in a more visual way.

comment on Philipos Blog

I really enjoyed your lab and even though i didn't read it before the test, it would have probably helped me during the test. You pretty much said all the important aspects of the chapter but there was some key terms such as fertilization which you failed to mention. However everything else made crystal clear sense. In addition the diagram on Meiosis really made sense and helped me memorize and comprehend the steps. See YA

comment on CHAPTER 13

chapter 13
philip i liked the your post about meiosis and mitosis and the stages they go through. meiosis and mitsosis has much more then these process. you should've mentioned somethign about crossoverin detail for example it's a exchange of genetic material between homologues that occurs in prohase1 of meiosis 1. And also you should've talk msomethign about the three types of life cycle which are animal, fungi and plant. and their functions are: plant: alternation of generation, diploid stage is called sporophyte in which spores produce plant and haploid stage is gametophyte in which gametes produce plants divide mitotically. You should've mentioned some information about Asexual and sexual reproduction. I think that's about it philip

comment on Philips Blog

Philip, your information was very good and helpful, but I just wanted to add a little something. Meiosis occurs in organisms that reproduce sexually. Sexual reproduction is when two parents give rise to offsprings that have unique ccombination of genes inherited from the two parents. The role that meiosis takes in sexual reproduction is that it combines sets of genes from two different parents, forming genetically diverse offspring. This takes place in the sex cells.

Comment on Philips post

Philip, your post was very understandable and made clear sense. It would have been very helpful if you posted somthing talking about fertilization and meiosis in plants and fungi and a comparison of mitosis and meiosis for the test. Overall, yours did help with the multiple choice. Thank you

Dorathy

comment on Roxxaine blog

i liked your blog because it was very interesting and the video you posted was very helpful to study the cycle.

Part II Meiosis

I am back again to now give everyone a quick summary on the second division of meiosis. This can also be called Gamete Formation. In prophase 2 the dna does not replicate, now entering metaphase 2, the chromosomes line up on the equator just like in the first divisional phase of meiosis. During Anaphase 2, the centromeres divide and each sister chromatid heads toward the opposite pole. Finally telophase 2 occurs and cell division is complete. Four haploid daughter cells now appear at the end of meiosis. Here is a picture that breaks down meiosis and that is the end of my post. Hopefully my post helped anyone in the class. New sherpa is Robert!

Part 1 of Meiosis

I am going to talk about some key parts of meiosis that everyone should know or hopefully will get a better understanding of after this discussion. Meiosis, a type of cell division, produces an egg and a sperm cell. Meiosis has two types of nuclear division. I will begin with interphase 1, though this starts before meiosis begins, the genetic material is duplicated/replicated. When the first division of meiosis begins, Prophase 1 will begin and this is where the chromatin condenses. Now, the most important part of Prophase 1 should start. The term is called CROSSING OVER. The meaning is as simple as the actual word. A exchange occurs between the two sister chromatids and the chromatids actually physically break off and then it is attached to a different homologous (same) chromosome. Everyone should know this term because most likely it will be on the test (probably short answer portion). Metaphase 1 now starts and this is when the homologous chromosomes line up in the equator (around the middle). Then the homologous pairs seperate but the sister chromatids stay together and this is called Anaphase 1. Last but not least, Telophase 1 begins and two daugther cells form. They have only one chromosome from the other homologous pair. I am not sure if this video will work on your computers but go ahead and try it but i would suggest watching it after i post part II of my discussion on meiosis. There are two websites, but i only will tell you one because the second one is right below it, hill.com/sites/0072437316/student_view0/chapter12/animations.html. Paste this into google and there will be search results, click the one that says Biology 201(about the fourth or fifth result). Once the page loads, scroll down and you should see in bright red letters Too See an animation on meiosis go to: The third and fourth URL, are the two vids i wanted to show you. The third has audio and once you click it (pick the one that says, stages of meiosis) and the fourth does't have audio but both are great videos. Also be aware, if you are watching these videos in the school library that Ms. Johnson will probably activate VISION CONTROL , and when you try to explain that it is for school, it is already too late.

Oh by the way

Marvin is the new sherpa. muhahahahahaaaaaaa!!!! take that!

10.25 chapter 9 review

Today we reviewed chapter 9, which was on cellular respiration.

So here are some quick notes for review.

Oxidation: lose electrons, release energy, exergonic.

Reduction: gain electrons, stores energy, endergonic.

The three stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation.

~38 ATPs / 1 glucose

Two types of fermentation: alcohol and lactic acid.

To remember, just remind yourself that lactic acid fermentation is what we experienced when we did that painful bending exercise and alcohol fermentation is what we’ll be doing with the root beer experiment.

“I really don’t like your boyfriend, Glycolysis. He’s not producing enough ATP.”

http://youtube.com/watch?v=stzq-KhzKb4

10.24 Chapter 8 Review

So yesterday we reviewed chapter 8, which was an introduction to metabolism. Here are some quick notes you should remember.

-Metabolism includes all of the chemical reactions in an organism.

-Catabolic pathways breaks down more complex molecules to simpler ones.

-Anabolic pathways makes complex molecules from simpler ones.

----To remember anabolic pathways, I thinking of anabolic steroids helps me. They are steroids that build up the body’s muscle mass. Don’t ask me why I know that.

-The first law of thermodynamics states that energy can be transferred and transformed but cant be created nor destroyed.

-The second law of thermodynamics explains that energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy, disorder, of the universe.

-Exergonic reactions proceeds with a net release of free energy

-Endergonic reactions absorbs free energy from its surroundings.

-Energy can be kenetic or potential.

-Kenetic: energy of motion. Ex: light and heat

-Potential: energy of position. Ex: arrangement or location.

-If it ends in –ase its an enzyme.

-Enzymes have three different inhibitors: competitive, noncompetitive and feedback.

These images may be helpful in better understanding the different inhibitors.

http://classes.midlandstech.com/carterp/Courses/bio225/chap05/05-07_EnzymeInhibit_1.jpg

http://classes.midlandstech.com/carterp/Courses/bio225/chap05/05-08_Feedback_1.jpg

AP Biology Lab 2: Enzyme catalysis

Kamran posted this entry

Hey class, this is the summary of todays lab and i hope you will understand the lab better after reading this blog entry.

Enzymes catalyze reactios by lowering the activation energy necessary for a reaction to occur.

The molecule that an enzyme acts on is called the substrate. In an enzymatic reaction, the substrate changes and becomes into products but the enzyme molecule is unchanged after the reaction and it can continue to catalyze reactions over and over again.

In part 2: Test of Catalase activity, the enzyme that was used was the catalase, the substrate was H2O2 and the products came out to be water and Oxygen. When the catalase was added to the H2O2 solution oxygen bubbles started to form because catalase is an enzyme which speeded the reaction.

Although in the next step the catalase was increased but it was boiled causing the enzyme to change its shape and it became denatured so nothing happened. There were no oxygen bubbles observed. Also, in the last step of this part of the experiment, when the chicken liver was added to the H2O2 huge amount of Oxygen was released because alot of oxygen bubbles appeared. Here is a similar video of chicken liver and H2O2 being mixed.

http://www.coolschool.ca/lor/BI12/unit7/U07L04/tt2reaction.htm

So, from this part of the experiment it could be concluded that the living tissue produced the most oxygen and it had the fastest reaction rate.

For part 3, the purpose of the lab was to investigate the rate at which the enzyme catalase converts substrate to product. The catalase reacted with H2O2 for various amount of tie and then it was stopped by adding the H2SO4. So the remaining H2O2 needed to be measured so a titration with KMNO4 took place. Here is an overall image of the experiment.

In the overall results it could be concluded that as time passed the number of moles of product also increased.

well, thats it, i hope u guys learned something and hopefully it wasn't that boring. Ok now for the moment everyone has been waiting for, the next sherpa who will have the honor of leading us is............... Aerialle.

Cellular Respiration Video

Thank you Roxanne for this video. I believe it will help to elucidate the process of cellular respiration for your classmates. Thanks again,

Mrs. Berkley

oopppss

Oh yeah and the new sherpa will be, uhmmmm........


Kamran

Class 10/22/07

well...here goes nothing.

first this is a video on cellular respiration done by kids in a AP Bio class in Vermont i think...
http://youtube.com/watch?v=FFBr3ANCkb4

glycolysis not only breaks down glucose but can accept a wide range of molecules such as polysaccharides and other forms of 6C sugars(galactose and fructose). The diffrent molecules would then be changed and broken down into glucose, then the process is continued.

main facts about glycolysis
it breaks 6c glucose into 2 3C pyruvates
forms net of 2 atps
and 2 NADH

krebs cycle yields
1 atp
3NADH
and 1 FADH2

*remember numbers produce in krebs cycle is multiplied by 2 because there are TWO pyruvates each going through the cycle.

one glucose can produce 36-38 ATPs

HI!!!!!!!!

hi Ms berkeley

Just Checking

Kamran posted this video, this video is a short piece of the orginal A voyage inside the cell. Its pretty cool and it like 13 minutes long so goes into depth alittle more. lets see if it works, when you reach the website, click on the video and it should play. Enjoy the video !!!!

OUR FIRST SHERPA

Our first sherpa will be Roxanne Herbert and the topic will address any of the concepts addressed in EITHER Chapter 6 or Chapter 7. Do not forget to add either an image, link to another website or any further readings to better assist your peers in comprehending the subject matter.